Furnace.



CHARLES F. DILLER, OF LANCASTER, PIENN'SYLVANIA.l

FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

Application filed April 27, 1910. Serial No. 557,914.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. DILLER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lancaster, in the State of Pennsylvania, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the followingis a specication.

My invention relates to improvements in steam-boiler furnaces generally,more particularly in means for promoting combustion.

It has for its object, among other things, especially to increase theeiiiciency of fuel now in general use by augmenting or promoting thecombustion of the carbon and gases than has heretofore been practical.The coal or fuel is supplied or fed in relatively small quantities andthe combustion or fire thus maintained not too thick on the grate, whilethe delivery in minimum amounts of obliquely directed currents orstreams of air in the general direction of the flame stream at atemperature suflicient for the ignition of the coal gases and so as tobe concentrated or focused at a common point in the combustion chamber,beyond their initial point of entrance, has the effect of providing (aninduced) draft or air supply up through the grate, through the fuel-bed.The entire fire immediately over the grate is thusmaintained for aproportionately much longer time than would otherwise be possible by thedeflection of the flame stream at the bridge wall, the gases therebyhaving ample time and space for effective or complete com bustion beforebeing allowed impingement upon the boiler surfaces, and from which alsoresults a smoke preventing action, lessening of consumption of fuel, andaccordingly reducing cost of running expenses.

The invention consists of certain features for securing theaforementioned results, substantially as hereinafter fully disclosed anddefined by the claims.

As above outlined or suggested and as will be noted from the appendeddisclosure, my invention 'is characterized from any endeavor which hasbeen made in this art heretofore in the particulars which will be nextdescribed.

First: The air-suppliers or deflection tubes otherwise designated asinduction oxidizers are so constructed or devised that they introducethe minimum amount of air to the combustion at the rear or bridge-wallend of the lire chamber, but, I find in my experience that all otherfurnaces of this type admit the greatest or maximum amount of air,either at the bridge wall, or at the combustion chamber, or else at thefront of the fire chamber, or along the sides of the fire chamber.

Second: 'Ihe air-suppliers, or induction oxidizers are so adapted thatthe air which they do admit is, by their structural outlines, theirjuxtaposition, and geometrical proportion chemically mixed with theflamestream in a much more thorough or effective manner than wouldotherwise be possible, because it leaves the induction oxidizers or airsuppliers at twelve hundred and ninetytwo (1292) degrees and hotter,which is the ignition temperature which the flame-stream gases requirefor their perfect combustion.

Generally furnaces or inventions along this line, admit so much air thatit is impossible for the admitted air to attain the temperature oftwelve hundred and ninety-two (1292) degrees and hotter, consequentlythe chemical mixture with the flame-stream is not attained to such adegree of perfect-ion as in the use of my invention and which asindicated, is necessary for the ignition of the gases and accordinglythe prevention of smoke.

Third: The air suppliers or induction oxidizers are so adapted that theair, admitted therethrough from the outside and at outside temperaturesand suddenly heated to twelve hundred and ninety-two (1292) degrees,issues with great force by reason of the expansion in volume for eachdegree of temperature to 1292 degrees, being nearly 1/500 greater involume for each degree, or more than three times greater in volume atthe exit than when admitted, said air being delivered from saidair-suppliers through air ports or passages, arranged at twenty degreeand forty-five degree angles to the axis of said air-suppliers,respectively, to a common point, in the combustion chamber, about threeinches beyond or back of the airsuppliers thereby greatly increasing theinduction of air through the lire-grate. Contrivances generally of thistype retard the induction of air through the re-grate, by admitting airin the reverse direction, or at right-angles to the direction of theflamestream, or else, by admitting with the air a jet of superheatedsteam of a temperature of only three hundred and fifty degrees, theycool and lower the twelve hundred and ninety-two degree ignitiontemperature required, and attained only by the air-suppliers hereindescribed.

Fourth: The air-suppliers, deflection tubes, or oxidizers are adapted todefiect or throttle the flame stream which tends to retain the gases inthe fire chamber immediately above the lire-grate, which causes the fuelgases to mix more readily than would' otherwise be the case; preventsthe H2O in the coal from robbing the combustion chamber of nine hundredand sixty-seven degrees of heat (its latent heat of absorption) inchanging its temperature to two hundred and twelve degrees when it isadmitted to, or on top of, the three thousand degree fire grate. Thedelivery of the 1292 degree air jets concentrated and focused upon theflamestream, intensifies the heat and also imparts great` velocity tothe flame-stream, greatly aiding the violent chemical mixture of oneatom only of additional oxygen at this moment and under these veryexceptional condit-ions of compression, intense heat, violent mixtureand admission of only one atom of oxygen heated to ignition temperatureof twelve hundred and ninety-two degrees. 1t is further stated in thisconnection that under these conditions I do actually produce at timesflashes of the chemical union of hydrogen and carbon-62,000 Britishthermal units. Devices generally of this type either expel the gasesabove the fire-grate as rapidly as possible by the aid of commingled airand steam delivered thereto, or else so balance the draft by interposinga bridge or baflie between the admitted air and point of delivery of thecombustion products to the smoke exit, that it is entirely impracticalto attain satisfactory results by the modern method of mass actionfiring, now so generally practiced in locomotive tiring.

Figure l is a broken sectional view, illustrating so much of a boilerfurnace as necessary to show the application of my invention thereto.Fig. 2 is a like view produced vertically and centrally through Fig. l.Fig. 3 is an enlarged partly sectional and partly front view of theinvention. Fig. 4: is a horizontal section taken on the line B-B. Fig. 5is a side elevation of Fig. 3.

A- multiplicity of what may be styled airsuppliers or inductionoxidizers 5, preferably, of the best lire brick, are arranged in uprightor vertical position upon the upper surface of the header 3 for takingthe outside air from the latter and delivering it into the combustionchamber or flamestream for aiding and carrying out the purposes of myinvention as will more fully ap-V pear hereinafter. Each air-supplier orinduction oxidizer, besides being hollow, comprises two sect-ions ormembers 5a, 5b, the base section or member 5a being of generalrectangulary outline or formation and rest ing directly upon theair-intake or header 3, the same also communicating with the interior ofthe latter. Said base section or member has its passage laterallyenlarged or widened suitably above a plane horizontally intersectingsaid passage to form a socket 6 to receive and allow of supportingtherein the main or upper section or member 5b, said socket conformingto the exterior cross section of the latter member, said member alsohaving a lateral base fiange 7 to aid its stability in superpose-.dposition. Said upper or main section 5b is preferably tapered inhorizontal or transverse section rearwardly, and has its upper endclosed, which end is also slight-ly sloped or inclined rear- Yardly, allhaving the combined effect to centi-alize and deflect the passage of theflame-stream, as it contacts` with said airsuppliers in its rearwardtravel, to kbring it more fully, than would otherwise be the case, inthe range of the delivery of the air through and from the air ports orpassages of said air-suppliers next described. Also, said main memberhas produced through its walls multiplicity of ports or passagesarranged in two series, 8, 9; the series 8 opening laterallytherethrough, at an angle of about twenty degrees to the axis thereof,while the series 9 open through the extreme rear end thereof at an angleof about fortylive degrees to said axis.

This arrangement results in delivering the air streams or jets aboutthree inches beyond the back ends of the air-suppliers and inconcentrating or focusing such delivery of' each two series of air portsor passages at points in common vertical alinement in thecombustion-chamber, whereby the action of effecting the chemical unionbetween the oxygen and the carbon of the combustionproducts, as well asthe mechanical combustion therebetween, will be greatly intensified orstimulated, thereby rendering complete or perfect combustion an assuredfact or certainty, necessary, as has been already indicated for smokeprevention. My invention is practically based upon the union of theprinciples underlying the Velsbach and Bunsen burners; the employment ofthe multiplicity of air-jetting ports and effecting ignition beyond thepoint of admission of the air to the combustion-products or gasesanswering to the elemental features common to said burners.

The air-suppliers vary or increase in length from a central point, belowthe boiler, each way laterally, andare thus adapted to conform at theirupper ends to the general outline of the lower surface or half: ofV theboiler` shell, and have their said ends arranged conforming in outlineto said boiler surface as clearly seen in Fig. 2, in order that theirair-delivering capacity, as will be more fully seen presently, maybeeective.

lio

for treating all of the passing heat-currents or gases from thecombustion-chamber. It will be observed that the air admitted to saidair-supplying tubes is delivered in oblique or diagonal streams orcurrents upon the carbon and gases liberated from the ignited fuel orcoal in the combustion chamber to thoroughly miX air at a hightemperature and thus promote or cause the complete consumption of suchgases, and by chemically uniting additional oxygen at this point tochange the CO to CO2 thus chemically increasing the efficiency of thefuel. It will also be observed that the violent eX- pansion action ofthe air within the airsuppliers and the lateral expansion of the gasescause an induced draft at the bridge wall, thus drawing additional airthrough the grate bars and promoting draft.

The open space between the air-suppliers is 10% more than the entirearea of the boiler lues. The area of all the holes of said air-suppliersis the same as the area of the outside airsintake. The reason for the10% more open space than the area of thc boiler flues is to avoidoffering any obstruction to the draft whatever, allowing the 10% forfriction in the passage of the fire between the air tubes. The purposeof the combined area of the holes being the same in area as the air flueis that the air comes into the latter cold, and as the air tubes areheated by the fire the air therein expands in volume three times morethan in its initial temperature as when entering the air-supplyingtubes, suction action in the chamber in rear of said tubes serving asthe motive force which drives the 1292 degree air so violently throughthe air ports of the oxidizers to properly mix with every particle ofthe combustion products no part of which combustion products, howeverfractional, may escape to the smoke stack without being thoroughly andeffectively (the hotter the fire the more air is sucked into the airpassage or pipe) mixed with all of the additional oxygen which itrequires to make a perfect chemical union because of the particulararrangement of the holes of the airsupplying members as above indicated.

I claim:

1. In a furnace of the character described, a lire-chamber, abridge-wall at the back end of the fire-chamber, an air intake supportedby said bridge-wall and an air supplier adapted to receive its supply 0fair from said air-intake and having vertical series of air-deliveringports in its sides and rear end, the jets of air from the lateral andrear end ports meeting in vertical lines in the Zone of combustion.

2. In a furnace of the character described, a fire-chamber, a bridgewallat the back end of the fire-chamber, an air intake supported by saidbridge-wall, and an air-supplier receiving its supply of air from saidair-intake and provided with vertical series of airports in its sidesand rear end, said ports being arranged at an angle of twenty degreesand at an angle of forty1ive degrees to the axis of said air supplier,respectively, the air jets or streams from the side and end portsmeeting in vertical lines in the zone of combustion.

In testimony whereof I afhx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES F. DILLER. Vitnesses:

CEAS. E. LONG,

JEANETTE R. LONG.

'opes of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

